(Scardinius erythrophthalmus)
The Genus is the rank between Family and Species
Scaedinius is a Genus of fish in the Cyprinidae Family
Maximum size 510 long,
Maximum published weight 2.01 Kg
Maximum reported age 19 years
Kingdom Animalia (animals)
Phylum Chordata (vertebrates and several closely related invertebrates)
Class Actinopterygii, (ray-finned fishes)
Order Cypriniformes, (carps)
Family Cyprinidae, (Minnows or carps)
Genus Scardinius
Species Scardinius erythrophthalmus
The Family Cyprinidae, named after the Greek word Kypris, another name for Aphrodite, consists of the carps and some of the fish known as minnows.
Characteristics
The fish in this family originate from North America, Africa and Eurasia. The largest fish in this family is the Giant Barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), which may grow up to 3 m (10 ft). The largest North American species is Ptychocheilus lucius. On the other hand, many species are smaller than 50mm (2 in); the smallest freshwater fish is, in fact, a cypriniform, Danionella translucida, reaching 12 mm at the longest. All fish in this family are egg-layers and the breeding habits of most is one of non-guarding of the eggs, however, there are a few species that build nests and/or guard the eggs.
Economic significance
Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and farmed across Eurasia. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten, although the prevalance of inexpensive frozen fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places they remain popular for food as well as recreational fishing, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.
Several cyprinids have been quite introduced to waters outside their natural range to provide food, sport, or biological control for some pest species. The carp and the grass carp are the most important of these, for example in Florida. In some cases, these have become invasive species that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment, carp in particular can stir up the riverbed reducing the clarity of the water making it difficult for plants to grow.
Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium hobby, most famously the goldfish, which was first imported into Europe around 1728 but was cultivated by the Chinese well before then. Other popular cyprinids kept in aquarium include the barbs, danios and rasboras.
Scardinius
Scardinius is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species:
Scardinius acarnanicus
Scardinius elmaliensis
Greek Rudd (Scardinius graecus)
Scardinius racovitzai
Scardinius scardafa
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The Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)
Is a small fish, a widespread member of the family Cyprinidae.
The rudd is a bentho-pelagic freshwater fish,
Benthos are the organisms which live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone. Although the term derived from the Greek for "depths of the sea", the term is also used in freshwater biology to refer to organisms at the bottoms of freshwater bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, and streams.
Animals belonging to the benthos are sometimes referred to as zoobenthos, while plants are referred to as phytobenthos.
The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast or sea floor. In contrast, the demersal zone comprises the water that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the coast or the sea floor. The name is derived from the Greek (pélagos), which might be roughly translated as "sea" but is more accurately translated as "open sea." When used on its own, "pelagic" describes something that exists in the open sea as opposed to inland or coastal waters.
The Rudd is widely spread in Europe and middle Asia, around the basins of the North, Baltic Black, Caspian and Aral seas. It has been artificially introduced to Ireland, USA, Morocco, Madagascar, Tunisia, New Zealand, Canada and Spain.
Morphologically, this species is very similar to the Roach (Rutilus rutilus), with which it can be easily confused. It can be identified by eye colour (deep blood-red as opposed to yellow) or counting the soft rays in the dorsal fin (8-9 compared to 10-12). Confusingly, these species can hybridise, producing intermediate forms. The rudd can also hybridise with the carp bream Abramis brama.
In New Zealand and Canada it is considered a pest fish due to impacts on native species.
Reproduction
An egg-layer, a typical adult fish can lay 300,000 eggs in a single spawning. Research shows that carp can spawn multiple times in a season in some areas. The young are preyed upon by other predatorial fish such as the northern pike and largemouth bass.
Environment:
benthopelagic;
Living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface. Feeding on benthic as well as free swimming organisms. Many freshwater fish are opportunistic feeders that forage on the bottom as well as in midwater and near the surface, also pertaining to forms which hover or swim just over the bottom
potamodromous;
Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers.
Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
pH range: 7 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15 ;
Climate: temperate; 2 - 22°C; 62°N - 36°N
Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years
Biology: Inhabits lakes, rivers, marshlands, canals and ponds where there is very little current. Omnivorous, feeds on invertebrates (including insect larvae and adults) and plants. Although the adults actively feed on macrophytes present in abundance in the environment, they are not an effective species for the biological clearing of weeds. Colorless or pale yellow eggs are found attached to vegetation in shallow water.
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